Association of urinary calcium and phosphate with bone mineral density among postmenopausal women

Development of peak bone mass and premenopausal bone loss is determined by the menstrual status of a women. Objective of this study was to determine the association of urinary calcium and phosphate with bone loss in post-menopausal women. This study is cross sectional. It was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Females [n = 90] were assessed with measurements of Body Mass Index, 24 hour urinary excretion of calcium creatinine ratio, Phosphate creatinine ratio. Bone mineral density of women was evaluated by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometrey [DEXA] and its association was analyzed with urinary calcium creatinine ratio and urinary phosphate creatinine ratio. Twenty two [44%] postmenopausal women were found to be osteoporotic while 24 [48%] were osteopenic on the basis of BMD measurements. The mean urinary calcium creatinine ratio and phosphate creatinine ratio was increased in postmenopausal women compared to pre-menopausal women [p < 0.001]. A significant negative correlation was found between BMD [hip] and urinary calcium and phosphate [r = - 0.65, p < 0.05] [r = - 0.58, p < 0.01] respectively in post-menopausal osteoporotic women. Urinary calcium and phosphate creatinine ratio appears to be a valuable markers for assessing bone loss in postmenopausal women

Serum and urinary inorganic phosphate in stone formers and non stone formers at Peshawar

Geographical variation in the rates of kidney stones has been observed for many years. Pakistan is situated in stone belt. Calculus diseases is endemic in Pakistan, perhaps the incidence in Pakistan is highest in the world. To evaluate etiology and biochemical risk factors [inorganic Phosphate] in the Peshawar. The study was carried out at Leady Reading Hospital, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for the period of nine months. Study was conducted at LRH and Hayatabad Hospitals of Peshawar for the period of nine months. Two hundred patients and same number of controls were selected. The mean value of mean inorganic phosphate in non stone formers were less than that of stone formers. The mean of urinary inorganic phosphate excretion in stone formers was greater than that of non-stone formers. We conclude that inorganic phosphate is an independent risk factor for renal stone formation

Serum and urinary calcium in stone formers and non-stone formers

Geographical variation in the rates of kidney stones has been observed for many years. Pakistan is situated in stone belt. Calculus diseases is endemic in Pakistan, perhaps the incidence in Pakistan is highest in the world. To evaluate etiology and biochemical risk factors [inorganic phosphate] in the Peshawar. Study was conducted at LHR and Hayatabad Hospitals of Peshawar for the period of nine months. Two hundred patients and same number of controls were selected. The mean value of mean inorganic phosphate in non stone formers were less than that of stone formers. The mean of urinary inorganic phosphate excretion in stone formers was greater than that of non-stone formers. We conclude that inorganic phosphate is an independent risk factor for renal stone formation

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor: a case report.

Osteomalacia induced by tumor is a rare phenomenon in which the resection of tumor is followed by dramatic amelioration of clinical signs and symptoms. We hereby report a case of a 66 years old male who presented with features of osteomalacia in which the characteristic clinical presentation was associated with the phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, mixed connective tissue variant. The case is reported for its rarity.

Hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia and growth retardation in children with diabetes mellitus

Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM] have a high prevalence of osteopenia. Hypercalciuria has also been well documented in human diabetes and many children with insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus have short stature. To investigate the relationship of hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia with growth retardation in patients with IDDM. Forty patients with IDDM aged between 6 and 12 years whose mean heights were less than their 32 non-diabetic siblings of similar age group were enrolled in this study. Urinary and plasma calcium, phosphorus and creatinine levels were measured in both groups. Meanwhile, the height and body weight were determined. Both, the mean height and weight percentiles of subjects with IDDM were significantly less than those of nondiabetic siblings [p<0.001]. The height percentile of children with IDDM had negative correlation [r=-0.75, p<0.001] with the disease duration. The mean urinary calcium to creatinine [Ca/Cr] and phosphorus to creatinine [P/Cr] ratios were significantly higher in IDDM patients compared to their normal siblings [p<0.001]. The growth in the group of diabetic children correlated inversely and significantly [p<0.001] with hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia, duration of diabetes and HbA1C level. It is concluded that hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia may play a role in growth retardation of diabetic children

Raquitismo hipofosfatémico familiar: análisis de 14 enfermos / Familiar hypophosfhathemic rickets: analysis of fourteen patients

Se analizan 14 pacientes con diagnóstico de raquitismo hipofosfatémico familiar controlados en el Servicio de Nutrición del Hospital General del Centro Médico "La Raza" del IMSS. Se describen las manifestaciones clínicas y la edad de inicio y de diágnostico, así como los exámenes de laboratorio y gabinete. Se comparó la respuesta clínica y de laboratorio al tratamiento inicial que recibieron a base de vitamina D2 y fosfatos, con la obtenida posteriormente con tratamiento con calcitriol y fosfatos, sin que se encontrara diferencias estadísticamente significativa. Se analizaron los antecedentes familiares en los pacientes, así como los resultados de laboratorio en 26 familiares, con lo cual se apoyó la etiología hereditaria del padecimiento. Así mismo, se hacen consideraciones sobre la etiopatogenia y el tratamiento del padecimiento

organic and inorganic substances in different types of urolithiasis

Serum and urinary uric acid, calcium and phosphorus besides urinary citric acid were estimated by colorimetric methods in 15 control subjects and 27 stone formers who were classified according to the type of their stones to the following groups [a] 15 cases with calcium oxalate stones, either pure or mixed with calcium phosphate and / or uric acid, [b] 6 cases with pure uric acid stone, and [c] 6 cases with magnesium ammonium phosphate stones either pure or mixed with ammonium urate. The data revealed that the urinary excretion of uric acid, calcium and phosphorus were within the normal range, while the urinary excretion of citric acid was significantly decreased in the three groups. This decrement could be due to impairment of kidney functions and /or bacterial infection. The serum levels were almost normal except few cases in the calcium oxalate group who showed hypocalcaemia

Urinary excretion of urates and phosphates in acute infantile gastroenteritis and its relevance to the aetiology of endemic urolithiasis

The urate content of unclei of, or whole, bladder stones of childhood has been a matter of debate. A proposal blaming infantile gastroenteritis and the associated state of fasting for the urate content of such stones has been advanced. We, therefore, studied, urate excretion in the urine of 31 infants who were admitted to hospital because of dehydration from acute gastroenteritis. Urine samples were collected on admission to hospital. 12-24 hours after initiation of intravenous infusions and after recovery. Samples were tested for urates, phosphates and creatinine. Significantly higher urate / creatinine ratios were obtained initially than just before discharge from hospital [P. < 0.001]. Phosphate excretion behaved in a similar fashion that a significant correlation between urate and phosphate excretion was found [r = 0.57; P. < 0.001] We conclude that urate excretion is raised during acute gastroenteritis of infancy in comparison with the phase of recovery from the disease. This supports the notion of ascribing the urate content of endemic urolithiasis to about of fasting including neglected cases of acute gastroenteritis

Measurements of urinary state of saturation with respect to calcium oxalate and brushite (CaHPO4.2H2O) in renal stone formers.

Urinary supersaturation with respect to calcium oxalate and/or brushite (CaHPO4.2H2O) is critical for the formation of calcium stones. The aim of this study is to use concentration product ratio (CPR) as a tool to assess the state of urine saturation with respect to calcium oxalate and brushite. One 24-h urine specimen from each of 16 healthy city dwellers (GI), 18 healthy villagers (GII) and 28 villagers with renal stones (GIII) was collected and analyzed for calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphate, uric acid, citrate and oxalate. The CPRs of calcium and oxalate and of calcium and phosphate before and after equilibration of the urine with the corresponding seeding crystals were also determined. Urinary volume and the excretion rate of calcium, potassium, uric acid, citrate and oxalate of GII and of sodium, phosphate, uric acid and citrate of GIII were significantly less than those of GI. The CPRs for calcium oxalate and brushite were 2.9 +/- 0.3 and 1.7 +/- 0.2 for GI, 2.7 +/- 0.2 and 1.3 +/- 0.1 for GII and 2.5 +/- 0.2 and 1.1 +/- 0.1 for GIII, respectively. The CPR values indicated that urine of all groups was generally supersaturated with respect to calcium oxalate salt (CPRs were above 1) and were not different among the groups. With regard to brushite, urine was also supersaturated but the state of supersaturation was less than that of calcium oxalate. Furthermore, instead of being supersaturated, brushite in many urine specimens of GIII was undersaturated and its mean CPR was even significantly less than that of GI (P less than 0.01).

Utilizaçäo do AMP (2-amino-2-metil-1-propanol) em substituiçäo à DEA (Dietanolamina) na dosagem de fosfato inorgânico no soro e urina pelo método direto de NCL / The use of amp (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) as a substitute of DEA (Diethanolamine) in the determination of inorganic phosphate ins erum and urine, by the MCL direct method

O emprego do AMP (2-amino-2-metil-1-propanol) é proposto como substituto da DEA (Dietanolamina) na determinaçäo de fosfato inorgânico no soro na urina, pelo método direto MCL (Mendes eta al., 1988) Este reagente é mais estável em condiçöes de armazenamento e possui alto poder de solubilizaçäo do precipitado de fosfomolibdato. A análise dos resultados demonstrou uma excelente correlaçäo linear, concluindo que o AMP preenche todos os requisitos necessários para seu emprego na determinacäo de fosfato inorgânico

Effect of an Ayurvedic compound preparation on the ability of rat urine to influence mineral phase formation.

Rat urine could inhibit not only the in vitro initial precipitation of calcium and phosphate/oxalate ions as mineral phase but also the subsequent growth of the preformed mineral phase. Oral administration of the aqueous extract of a commercially available Ayurvedic compound preparation to rats, was found to significantly increase the ability of the urine samples to inhibit both the initial mineral phase formation and its subsequent growth.

A influência do fosfato na eleminaçäo da carga ácida / The phosphate influence in acid excretion

Os ânions fosfato atuam como tampöes para ácidos no sangue e na urina. No presente trabalho, infusöes de fosfato ácido em ratos com hipercapnéia mostraram que a excreçäo urinária ácida estava aumentada. Isto foi causado pelo aumento do tampäo e do nível de urina. A possibilidade de adicionar fosfato para facilitar a excreçäo ácida é mencionada